Racism And The Human Race - 2009 Words

Hatred and disdain is the deep embedded seed that is planted in American soil, especially, in the American South towards Black’s. This seed of hatred towards Black’s is being cultivated to superciliously think that Black’s are inferior to their counterparts. The fruits of labor that is produced from this tree are bitter, distasteful and poisonous to the development of equality of the human race, especially, towards Black’s. This births forth the mentality to always fear Black’s and that Black’s are subjects that need to be submitted to subjugation in order to achieve civility of the human race. Thus, the latter mentioned develops into a deadly perception that is growing like consuming fire; in addition, this deadly perception is not only thought but also being instilled and engraved in humanity. Consequently, this is why equality for Black’s shall always be a challenge to achieve because this deadly perception infiltrates our cognitiv e process and morality to be colorblind. Even though we are all members of ONE human race Blacks shall never be equal to white counterparts who microscopically stigmatized Black’s through racial cultural lens and racial profiling. This paper shall implores the true legitimization of the Black Experience in the American South via objectivity and factual truths dating back from day of arrival to present. In addition, to portray the brutality and inequality that still exists. It has been approximately three hundred ninety-six years (396)Show MoreRelatedEcological Crisis Has Been Associated With The Environmental Pollution1307 Words   |  6 Pagesmisunderstanding that exists between the environment and living organism particularly, the human race. The major ecological crisis has been associated with the environmental pollution (Westra 122). Notably, race and ethnicity have been considered to be significant contributing factors to the ecological crisis than the economic income and class. Ecological crisis has since led to racism particularly in regions occupied by different races. For instance, the affluent black communities have been associated with highRead MoreEssay on Racism583 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is Racism? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Racism is one of those unusual things which seem to escape the understanding of clear and to the point definition. Racism is a system of racial discrimination and prejudice. The concept of race as classifying people can be seen as misleading people and prejudicial as far as it’s involved in the quality of human life. The term race has been quite confusing because of its four principle connotations. 1. 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In todays society race is extremely relevant. However, to truly understand race and how it has cultivated itself in todays society you must first understand the view on race in the past. Today race and racism is now discussed more openly. Which is why society has an understanding of the fact that racism still exist. Frantz Fanon uses colonization to explain how racism was cultivated in the past. Paulo Freire uses his study of the oppressed to explain how its hardRead MoreEssay on Racism1251 Words   |  6 PagesRacism Racism has often played a central role in conflicts between groups of people. Racism is the intentional or unintentional use of power to isolate, separate and exploit others as defined in the Webster dictionary. People generally respond to others differently based on what they know, which may include superficial characteristics often associated with race. This paper will express my opinion of how racism will effect America. I will base information from Webster’s definition of Racism, readingRead MoreThe Power Of Illusion : The Social Construction Of Race1378 Words   |  6 Pagesconstruction of race and the conjured up idea of different races affects many Americans on a macro and micro scale or institutionally and individually, respectively. To sociologists, this idea of a socially constructed race matters because race has a tremendous influence on people’s lives. It may be difficult to believe, but race is socially constructed. Race is something humans have fabricated; therefore, it has no biological meaning. Race is without basis in our natural world, yet humans have self-dividedRead MoreSocial Problems Associated With Racial Discrimination1209 Words   |  5 Pagesother races solely because they are different racially and culturally. Body Paragraphs: II: Basic Information on the Issue A: According to Encyclopedia Britannica, race is determined by physical and personality traits, intellect, morality, and culture (â€Å"Racism†). Racial discrimination is discriminating someone based on their race or religion (â€Å"Racism/Color Discrimination†) or prejudice against an individual or group of people of a different race because of the belief that one’s own race is superiorRead MorePeople All Around The World Face Racism And Discrimination1168 Words   |  5 Pagesthe world face racism and discrimination. Racism is a globally used word, and more than one race is capable of suffering its wrath. There are examples of it throughout history in all regions of the world. Racism can and does affect any race, whether it be: Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, Indian, Muslim, Jewish and others. More than one race can be racist, people in the past have overcome racism, and Catholic social teachings believe that everyone should have rights. Racism is the belief that

Linden Hills and the Struggles That Come with I Free Essays

There are three ways Luther Nedeed is simultaneously a positive and negative role model for young men who represent the ages of Willie and Lester. First, Luther Nedeed believes in the importance of family but while doing so, he destroys many people, especially his wife and son. This is important because it shows that people can feel a certain way, but in the end, actions speak louder than words. We will write a custom essay sample on Linden Hills and the Struggles That Come with I or any similar topic only for you Order Now Second, Luther Nedeed inspires hope and shows that the American dream is possible but while achieving this dream, it causes some people to sell themselves out. This is significant because it shows that if the prize to achieve the dream is the loss of one’s soul or compromise of one’s standards, the price is too high to pay. Third, Nedeed wants to preserve the integrity and value of Linden Hills but the power he holds goes to his head and he begins to care more about himself than others. This is relevant because life holds the most meaning and opportunity for personal satisfaction in the connections people make with one another and without those, the missing human element will destroy the individuals that choose to turn their backs on society, and therefore, humanity itself. Luther Nedeed believes in the importance of family but while doing so, he destroys many people, especially his wife and son. Luther shows us that he believes in this because he is upholding the Nedeed tradition of working to take care of Linden Hills and creating offspring to take over for him when he passes away. Luther also shows us his belief in family when he thinks about how lonely he is on Christmas and wishes his wife was there with him enjoying the holiday and everything that comes with it. This makes Luther a positive role model because young men who represent the ages of Willie and Lester need to know that family is important. Family will always be there for you, and if you don’t keep them around, you’re going to face some difficult situations later in life without much help. Even though Luther believes family is important, he contradicts himself by destroying people, especially his wife and son. When his son was born, he was light-skinned so he banished him and his wife into the basement where his son would die of starvation. He also ruined Laurel Dumont after her husband left her by telling her that her lease was no longer valid and she had to leave. As a result, Laurel commits suicide by jumping into an empty swimming pool. This is the negative side of this coin. Young men such as Willie and Lester do not need to see people ruining other people’s lives. They need to realize that what they say and preach should be how they act. Unfortunately, Luther fails to do that. Luther Nedeed inspires hope and shows that the American dream is possible. Linden Hills is an affluent black community where many people strive to live because of its fame and what it immediately does to your status once you move in. The Nedeed family started from scratch, one of them with just a cardboard suitcase and a dream, another one who poured cement for numerous foundations, and another who gambled every dime to keep the community afloat during the Depression. Young men who represent the ages of Wilie and Lester need to know that if you work hard enough, the American dream is achievable. It shows them that you must work hard and if you work hard enough, your opportunity may come one day. However, the American dream will cause some people to sell themselves out. By creating Linden Hills and maintaining it, Luther Nedeed has created monsters in the people who will do anything and everything they can to rise to fame and live in Linden Hills. For example, Lester’s sister, who idolizes Eleanor Roosevelt and Diane Ross, and who had enrolled in black history classes in college, now employs bleaching cream and hair relaxer. Her dream is to have a good marriage in Linden Hills. Maxwell Smith, who is a high-ranking executive at General Motors, has achieved perfect physical control of himself and the environment around him. He says that he spends every waking moment trying to be no color at all. This makes Luther a negative role model because people are foregoing their moral standards and values. They are giving everything up to gain that status and young men such as Willie and Lester need to know that the price for that is too high to pay. Luther Nedeed wants to preserve the integrity and value of Linden Hills. He tries to preserve the integrity by writing leases that are good for one thousand years and a day, which will preserve the family tradition for a long time. He tries to protect his wealth and inheritance by working to make Linden Hills better and by making sure that a lease can only be passed down to one’s children or sold to another black family. This is important for young men who represent the age of Willie and Lester to see because it shows one’s loyalty and sense of pride to something. In this case, for Luther, it’s Linden Hills. For someone else, it may be their child, their house, their car, or anything else that they hold true to their heart and love. People need to be loyal to certain things in life and must do everything they can to preserve traditions and values. However, the negative side of Luther comes out becausehis power goes to head and he begins to care more about himself than others. For example, he doesn’t care what type of wife he marries and has a child with. He selects one who he feels will produce a good offspring, bears a child with her, and then has no sexual contact with her thereafter. He also opposes a low-income housing project planned for Putney Wayne, which is a neighboring black ghetto and proposes to join forces with the racist Wayne County Citizens Alliance so property values would not decline. Although this would help black people, Luther is against it because all he cares about is himself and what he loves. People such as Willie and Lester need to recognize this and know that you have to balance what you love and your feelings for others and society. You cannot turn your back on society and mankind because all you care about is yourself and your future. Those who represent the ages of Willie and Lester need to realize that life holds the most meaning and opportunity for personal satisfaction in the connections people make with one another and without those, the missing human element will destroy the individuals that choose to turn their backs on society, and therefore, humanity itself. Luther’s actions eventually did come back to haunt him in the end, specifically his decision to banish his wife and son into the basement. Willa eventually comes up due to an accidental unlocking of the basement door bolt and when she does, a struggle ensues and the house along with everything and everyone inside of it burns to death. All of these actions and decisions show that there are different ways Luther Nedeed is simultaneously a positive and negative role model for young men who represent the ages of Willie and Lester. First, Luther Nedeed believes in the importance of family but while doing so, he destroys many people, especially his wife and son. This is important because it shows that people can feel a certain way, but in the end, actions speak louder than words. Second, Luther Nedeed inspires hope and shows that the American dream is possible but while achieving this dream, it causes some people to sell themselves out. This is significant because it shows that if the prize to achieve the dream is the loss of one’s soul or compromise of one’s standards, the price is too high to pay. Third, Nedeed wants to preserve the integrity and value of Linden Hills but the power he holds goes to his head and he begins to care more about himself than others. This is relevant because life holds the most meaning and opportunity for personal satisfaction in the connections people make with one another and without those, the missing human element will destroy the individuals that choose to turn their backs on society, and therefore, humanity itself. How to cite Linden Hills and the Struggles That Come with I, Papers

Education and Children free essay sample

Beliefs about teaching and learning Being an educator means that you are someone who cares and wants to see children be successful in your class and in their futures. The reason I want to become an educator is to make a difference in a childs life. I have worked with children for over seven years and everyday I spend with a child I learn someone new, about them and about myself. I want to give back to the community in which I was raised. I want to show them that they have helped make me become what I am today. A teacher can make a difference in a childs life to the good or bad if they went into the field for the wrong reason. I want to be remembered for the one who helped and made a difference a child? s life and also as good role model. We will write a custom essay sample on Education and Children or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Beliefs about students We are there to teach but, each day in a classroom we help the children get ready for the future. We are helping them realize what they want to become and even what they do not want. We have control of the children that are in our class and we have to decide if we are going to be role models or Just someone who pushes them to the next teacher to deal with. I want to be a role model and encourage children to do their best and do their all because what they do today will play a part on their uture. Beliefs about knowledge Some teachers believe that only certain kinds of knowledge are valid.. For example, teachers who believe authority fgures (e. g. , teachers, doctors, scientists) are the only real sources of knowledge may adopt a more behaviorist perspective about learning. They are also likely to enact transmissionist instructional techniques, such as direct instruction, founded on the notions that teachers know and students learn when teachers give them knowledge. mphasize students contribution to the learning process. Furthermore, these teachers tend to believe that teachers and students now and learn together and that learning happens best through dialogue and shared interaction. Discussion and discovery learning pedagogies were founded in the belief that individuals and groups can create meaningful understandings. Your beliefs abou t what is worth knowing I believe that his question could also be reframed as what is important. At the end of the day students may forget what we teach them, however I believe that the goal of education should not Just be to not Just have students memorize and rececitate facts, rather to arm them with tools that will allow them to lead successful lives, and to be onscientious about their surroundings and the ways that they impact those. How educational philosophies relate to classroom practice In todays teaching world, its easy for teachers to lose sight of the reason(s) for why they wanted to become a teacher in the first place. Teachers can get so caught up with the heavy workload of teaching, and all the stress that comes with the Job, they otten torget why they wanted to teach in the tirst place. So to nave a personal philosophy of education that is instilled deeply, teachers can always remind themselves why they want to be a teacher and how theyre going to change students ives. I also think that a personal philosophy helps you understand what is important in your classroom, what you want to keep etc. It also helps you see the big picture like when you experience a particularly difficult day, you might forget about the big picture and really that it what I think in the end is the most important. Educational Philosophy My educational philosophy is based on the idea that each individual is a unique learner. My role as a teacher is to give children the tools with which to cultivate their own level of knowledge. To accomplish this goal, I will teach to the needs of ach child so that all learners can feel capable and successful. I will present curriculum that involves the interests of the children and makes learning relevant to life. I will incorporate themes, integrated units, projects, group work, individual work, and hands-on learning in order to make children active learners. Finally, I will tie learning into the world community to help children become caring and active members of society. I think that there is a large part on emphasis on educational philosophies because they help learners reach their goals- and these philosophies provide tangible ways to do so.

Activity-Based Costing Essay Sample free essay sample

Activity-based costing ( ABC ) is an accounting method that allows concerns to garner informations about their operating costs. Costss are assigned to specific activitiesuch as planning. technology. or manufacturingnd so the activities are associated with different merchandises or services. In this manner. the ABC method enables a concern to make up ones mind which merchandises. services. and resources are increasing their profitableness. and which are lending to losingss. Directors are so able to bring forth informations to make a better budget and derive a greater overall apprehension of the disbursals that are required to maintain the company running swimmingly. By and large. activity-based costing is most effectual when used over a long period of clip. as opposed to shorter-term solutions such as the theory of restraints ( TOC ) . Activity-based bing first gained ill fame in the early 1980s. It emerged as a logical option to traditional cost direction systems that tended to bring forth deficient consequences when it came to apportioning costs. Harvard Business School Professor Robert S. Kaplan was an early advocator of the ABC system. While chiefly used for private concerns. ABC has late been used in public forums. such as those that measure authorities efficiency. HOW ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING WORKS Activity-based costing plans require proper planning and a committedness from upper direction. If possible. it is best to make a test survey or trial tally on a section whose profit-making public presentation is non populating up to outlooks. These types of state of affairss have a greater opportunity of wining and demoing those in charge that ABC is a feasible manner for the company to salvage money. If no cost-saving steps are determined in this pilot survey. either the activity-based costing system has been improperly implemented. or it may non be right for the company. The first thing a concern must make when utilizing ABC is set up a squad that will be responsible for finding which activities are necessary for the merchandise or service in inquiry. This squad should include experts from different countries of the company ( including finance. engineering. and human resources ) and possibly besides an outside adviser. After the squad is assembled and informations on such subjects as public-service corporations and stuffs is gathered. it is so clip to find the elements of each activity that cost money. Attention to detail is really of import here. as many of these costs may be hidden and non wholly obvious. As Joyce Chutchian-Ferranti wrote in an article for Computerworld: â€Å"The key is to find what makes up fixed costs. such as the cost of a telephone. and variable costs. such as the cost of each phone call. † Chutchian-Ferranti goes on to observe that even though in many cases engineering has replaced human labour costs ( such as in voice-mail systems ) . a concern director must still analyze the hidden costs associated with keeping the service. Nonactivity costs like direct stuffs and services provided from outside the company normally do non hold to be factored in because this has antecedently been done. Once all of these costs are determined and noted. the information must be input into a computing machine application. Chutchian-Ferranti explains that the package can be a simple database. off-the-rack ABC package. or customized package. This will finally give the company plenty informations to calculate out what they can make to increase net income borders and do the activity more efficient. After a concern has had adequate clip to analyse the information obtained through activity-based costing and determine which activities are cost effectual. it can so make up ones mind what stairss can be taken to increase net incomes. Activities that are deemed cost prohibitive can so be outsourced. cut back. or eliminated wholly in an attempt to do them more profitable. The execution of these alterations is known as activity-based direction ( ABM ) . POTENTIAL PITFALLS OF ACTIVITYBASED Costing Companies that implement activity-based costing run the hazard of passing excessively much clip. attempt. and even money on assemblage and traveling over the informations that is collected. Too many inside informations can turn out thwarting for directors involved in ABC. On the other manus. a deficiency of item can take to deficient informations. Another obvious factor that tends to lend to the ruin of activity-based costing is the simple failure to move on the consequences that the informations provide. This by and large happens in concerns that were loath to seek ABC in the first topographic point. In 1999. Gary Cokins wrote an article aimed at certified public comptrollers who have trouble encompassing activity-based costing. In â€Å"Learning to Love ABC. † Cokins explains that activity-based bing normally works best with a minimal sum of item and estimated cost figures. He backs this up by saying that â€Å"typically. when comptrollers try to use ABC. they strive for a degree of exactitude that is both hard to achieve and time-consumingnd that finally becomes the project’s buss of decease. † In 2000. Cokins wrote another article entitled â€Å"Overcoming the Obstacles to Implementing Activity-Based Costing. † In this work Cokins noted that â€Å"activity-based costing undertakings frequently fail because undertaking directors ignore the central regulation: It is better to be about right than to be exactly inaccurate. When it comes to ABC. near adequate is non merely good plenty ; close adequate is frequently the secret to success. † Cokins besides notes that the usage of mean cost rates. the usage of excessively detailed information. and the failure to link information to action can besides impede ABC undertakings. By understanding these constructs. Cokins feels that CPAs can heighten their functions as concern spouses and advisers. Another restricting factor is that activity-based bing package can be pricey. As Mark Henricks wrote in a 1999 article for Entrepreneur: â€Å"Most ABC practicians find that special-purpose ABC package is required to do the undertaking manageable. At $ 6. 000 and up for one bundle sold by ABC Technologies. package can add significantly to outlays for this type of accounting technique. There are. nevertheless. some pilot bundles available for $ 500. † Time can besides be a factor for concerns seeking a speedy hole. Henricks notes that â€Å"although some companies see consequences about immediately. it typically takes three months or so for most concerns to see the benefits of ABC. And depending on your merchandise or concern rhythm. it could take much longer. † ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING AND SMALL BUSINESSES It used to be that big corporations were the lone concerns involved in activity-based costing. Not so today. Service industries such as Bankss. infirmaries. insurance companies. and existent estate bureaus have all had success with ABC. But since its origin. activity-based costing has seemed to hold been more successful when implemented by larger companies instead than by smaller 1s. As Henrick noted. â€Å"Companies with merely a few merchandises and markets aren’t likely to acquire every bit much benefit from establishing costs on activities as companies runing with diverse merchandises. service lines. channels and clients. † But since puting up activity-based costing for a concern normally takes less clip for a smaller undertaking. a little concern that is diffident about the effectivity of ABC can see a simple trial plan to find whether it is right for them. Douglas T. Hicks is one expert who feels that the clip is right for little concerns to implement activity-bas ed costing. In a 1999 Journal of Accountancy article entitled â€Å"Yes. ABC is for Small Business. Too. † Hicks presented a instance survey for one of his clients. a little maker that builds constituents for the car industry. Yokels detailed how they were able to treble gross revenues and increase net incomes fivefold in a four-year span after following ABC. â€Å"Much of this betterment came from a profitable mix of contracts generated by a costing/quoting procedure that more closely reflects the existent cost construction of the company. † Hicks stated. â€Å"This has enabled the company to better the direction of its contracts. † Isolating and mensurating the cost of material motion and utilizing the information to warrant many operational alterations were other factors Hicks cited for the success his client had with ABC. Hicks besides noted a alteration in management’s attitude after the success of ABC: â€Å"On an of import but less touchable degree. management’s cognition of and attitude toward cost information have undergone a significant alteration. Where once directors had their ain manner of mensurating the cost impact of direction actions. they now measure those cos ts in a formal. unvarying manner. When directors contemplate alterations. they have a mental theoretical account that directs them toward alterations that genuinely benefit the organisation. † Hicks went on to state that â€Å"any little or midsize organisation can develop an ABC system. It doesn’t necessitate a great committedness of clip or fiscal resources. Nor does it necessitate the execution of particular package integrated into the general ledgerlthough for larger organisations that may be a benefit. It requires merely that direction position its operations through ‘the lens of ABC’ and make a theoretical account that will enable it to mensurate costs in conformity with that position. † Gary Cokins. manager of industry for a celebrated ABC package and services house. tends to hold with Hicks. In his book Activity-Based Cost Management: Making It Work. he proclaimed that â€Å"Within 10 to 20 old ages. everyone will hold some kind of ABC. It’s a affair of when. non if. à ¢â‚¬  Further Reading: Cokins. Gary. Activity-Based Costing: Making It Work. 1998.Cokins. Gary. â€Å"Learning to Love ABC. † Journal of Accountancy. August 1999. Cokins. Gary. â€Å"Overcoming the Obstacles to Implementing Activity-Based Costing. † Bank Accounting and Finance. Fall 2000. Chutchain-Ferranti. Joyce. â€Å"Activity-Based Costing. † Computerworld. August 1999. Henricks. Mark. â€Å"Beneath the Surface. † Entrepreneur. October 1999. Hicks. Douglas T. Activity-Based Costing: Making it Work for Small and Mid-Sized Companies. 1998. Hicks. Douglas T. â€Å"Yes. ABC Is for Small Business. Too. † Journal of Accountancy. August 1999. Lobo. Yane R. O. . and Paulo C. Lima. â€Å"A New Approach to Product Development Costing. † CMAhe Management Accounting Magazine. March 1998. SEE ALSO: Operating expense Costss ; Product Costing Beginning: Encyclopedia of Small Business.  ©2002 Gale Cengage. All Rights Reserved. Full right of first publication.

Essay Introduction - How To Choose The Right One

Essay Introduction - How To Choose The Right OneWith so many choices for the English essay introduction sample, it can be difficult to choose. Some of the choices could mean taking a wrong turn down the wrong path. There are a few things to remember, however, when you're out there making a choice.First, make sure that the topic for your English essay introduction sample is something that you find interesting. If you simply want to find out the general gist of your topic, then you're probably better off just choosing a sample that has no subject at all. Why? Because there are some subjects that are not something that you would generally want to write about.Some of the possible choices could include local news, sports, national news, animals, movie reviews, and a number of other topics. What you're looking for is something that you would personally enjoy doing. Is there anything that you would have a hard time doing? Or would you need some special equipment to get started?Second, make sure that the topic of the sample is something that you know something about. This isn't necessarily for anyone to take a stab at, but the idea is to choose a topic that you would personally like to write about. Would it be something that you've heard about but don't really know how it actually works?What you are looking for is a study material that you can use. If it's something that you don't already know, you might as well stick with the English essay introduction sample that you have. This is a very common choice, and it allows you to get more familiar with what you're doing. Then, when you actually begin writing the sample, you'll be able to access whatever experience that you might have to work with.If you're doing an English essayintroduction sample, it would also be useful to know whether you will be writing the paper on your own or whether you will be working with a teacher. If you are going to do it yourself, it might be best to pick an easy topic to help you avoid becomin g frustrated by the difficulty of the topic. After all, if you need to work through the paper, you may have problems with it regardless of who's involved.These are two basic considerations when it comes to choosing an English essay introduction sample. The real key is that you make sure that the topic is something that you will enjoy writing about.

John Kerry - Statement 1971 before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on Vietnam free essay sample

Biography of Fred Hampton, Black Panther Party Leader

Biography of Fred Hampton, Black Panther Party Leader Fred Hampton (August 30, 1948–December 4, 1969) was an activist for the NAACP and the Black Panther Party. At age 21, Hampton was fatally shot alongside a fellow activist during a law enforcement raid. Activists and the broader black community considered the deaths of these men unjust, and their families ultimately received a settlement stemming from a civil lawsuit. Today, Hampton is widely remembered as a martyr for the cause of black liberation. Fast Facts: Fred Hampton Known For: Black Panther Party activist who was in a law enforcement raidBorn: August 30, 1948 in Summit, Illinois.Parents: Francis Allen Hampton and Iberia HamptonDied: December 4, 1969 in Chicago, IllinoisEducation: YMCA Community College, Triton CollegeChildren: Fred Hampton Jr.Notable Quote: â€Å"We always say in the Black Panther Party they can do anything they want to to us. We might not be back. I might be in jail. I might be anywhere.  But when I leave, you’ll remember I said, with the last words on my lips, that I am a revolutionary. Early Years Fred Hampton was born on August 30, 1948 in Summit, Illinois. His parents, Francis Allen Hampton and Iberia Hampton, were Louisiana natives who relocated to Chicago. As a youth, Fred excelled in sports and dreamed of playing baseball for the New York Yankees. However, he also excelled in the classroom. Hampton ultimately attended Triton College, where he studied pre-law in hopes of helping people of color fight back against police brutality. As a teen, Hampton became involved in civil rights by leading a local NAACP youth council. He helped to grow the councils membership to more than 500 members. Activism in the Black Panther Party Hampton had success with the NAACP, but the radicalism of the Black Panther Party resonated with him even more. The BPP had successfully launched a free breakfast program to feed children in a number of cities. The group also advocated for self-defense rather than nonviolence and took a global perspective on the black freedom struggle, finding inspiration in Maoism. A skilled speaker and organizer, Hampton quickly moved through the ranks of the BPP. He became the leader of Chicago’s BPP branch, then the chairmain of the Illinois BPP, and finally the deputy chair of the national BPP. He engaged in grassroots activism, working as an organizer, a peacemaker, and taking part in the BPP’s free breakfast program and people’s medical clinic. A COINTELPRO Target From the 1950s until the 1970s, the FBI’s Counterintelligence Program (COINTELPRO) targeted leaders of activist organizations like Fred Hampton. The program served to undermine, infiltrate, and spread misinformation (often through extrajudicial means) about political groups and the activists who belonged to them. COINTELPRO targeted civil rights leaders such as the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. as well as radical groups like the Black Panther Party, the American Indian Movement, and the Young Lords. As Hampton’s influence in the Black Panthers grew, the FBI began to focus on his activities, opening a file on him in 1967. The FBI enlisted a man named William ONeal to infiltrate and sabotage the Black Panthers Party. ONeal, who had been previously arrested for car theft and impersonating a federal officer, agreed to the task because the federal agency promised to drop the felony charges against him. O’Neal quickly gained access to Hampton by becoming both his bodyguard and a security director in Hampton’s Black Panther Party chapter. As a Black Panther Party leader, Hampton persuaded Chicago’s black and Puerto Rican street gangs to call a truce. He also worked with white-dominated groups like Students for a Democratic Society and the Weather Underground. He called the multiracial groups he collaborated with his Rainbow Coalition. Following FBI director J. Edgar Hoover’s orders, O’Neal undid much of Hampton’s work to foster peace in the community, leading community members to lose confidence in the BPP. Fred Hampton's Killing Sowing discord in the community wasn’t the only way O’Neal attempt to undermine Hampton. He also played a direct role in his killing. On December 3, 1969, O’Neal secretly drugged Hampton by putting a sleeping pill into his drink. Shortly afterward, law enforcement agents initiated an early morning raid on Hampton’s apartment. Despite not having a warrant for weapons charges, they entered the apartment with guns firing. They mortally wounded Mark Clark, who was guarding Hampton. Hampton and his fiancee, Deborah Johnson (also called Akua Njeri), were asleep in their bedroom. They had been wounded but survived the gunfire. When an officer realized that Hampton hadn’t been killed, he proceeded to shoot the activist twice in the head. Johnson, who was expecting a child with Hampton, was not killed. The other seven Black Panthers present in the apartment were charged with several serious crimes, including attempted murder, armed violence, and multiple weapons charges. However, when a Department of Justice investigation revealed that Chicago Police had fired up to 99 shots, and the Panthers had only fired once, the charges were dropped. Activists considered the killing of Hampton to be an assassination. When the FBI’s Pennsylvania field office was broken into not long after, the COINTELPRO files found included a floor plan of Hampton’s apartment and documents that mentioned covering up the FBI’s part in Hampton’s killing. Lawsuit and Settlement The family members of Fred Hampton and Mark Clark sued the Chicago Police, Cook County, and the FBI for $47.7 million in 1970 for wrongfully killing the men. That case was thrown out, but a new case took place in 1979 after officials concluded that the law enforcement agencies involved had obstructed justice and refused to hand over relevant paperwork related to the killings. Three years later, the families of Hampton and Clark learned that they would receive a $1.85 million settlement from the local and federal agencies responsible for the men’s deaths. Although that sum was far less than what they’d sought, the settlement was an acknowledgement, to a degree, of wrongdoing. Had the Chicago Police not killed Fred Hampton, he would have been named chief of staff of the Black Panther Partys central committee, making him a key spokesman for the group. Hampton never got that opportunity, but he has not been forgotten. Soon after his death, the BPP filmed an investigation of his apartment, which police did not close off. The footage captured is seen in the 1971 documentary â€Å"The Murder of Fred Hampton.† An estimated 5,000 mourners turned up to Hampton’s funeral, during which the activist was remembered by civil rights leaders such the Rev. Jesse Jackson and Ralph Abernathy.  Although activists Roy Wilkins and Ramsey Clark characterized Hampton’s killing as unjustified, none of the officers or officials involved in the raid were convicted of wrongdoing. Legacy A number of writers, rappers, and musicians have referred to Fred Hampton in their writings or lyrics. The group Rage Against the Machine famously mentions the activist in its 1996 hit â€Å"Down Rodeo,† in which frontman Zack de la Rocha declares, â€Å"They ain’t gonna send us campin’ like they did my man Fred Hampton.† In the city of Chicago, December 4 is â€Å"Fred Hampton Day.† A public pool in Maywood, Illinois, where Hampton grew up, bears his name. A bust of Hampton sits outside the Fred Hampton Family Aquatic Center. Hampton, like other political activists, seemed keenly aware that his work would put his life in jeopardy. However, while he was alive, he expressed confidence in his own legacy: â€Å"We always say in the Black Panther Party that they can do anything they want to us. We might not be back. I might be in jail. I might be anywhere. But when I leave, you’ll remember I said, with the last words on my lips, that I am a revolutionary. And you’re going to have to keep on saying that. You’re going to have to say that I am a proletariat, I am the people.† Sources Ballesteros, Carlos. â€Å"Black Panther icon Fred Hampton’s boyhood home facing foreclosure.† Chicago Sun-Times, 16 October, 2018.â€Å"Fred Hampton.† National Archives, 15 December, 2016. Silva, Christianna. â€Å"Who Was Fred Hampton, the Black Panther Shot and Killed by Chicago Police 48 Years Ago?† Newsweek, 4 December, 2017.â€Å"Watch: The Assassination of Fred Hampton: How the FBI and Chicago Police Murdered a Black Panther.† Democracy Now! 4 December, 2014.